Differential transcendence & algebraicity criteria for the series counting weighted quadrant walks
[Critères d’algébricité et de transcendance différentielle pour les séries comptant les marches pondérées du quadrant]
Publications mathématiques de Besançon. Algèbre et théorie des nombres, no. 1 (2019), pp. 41-80.

Nous considérons des marches à petits pas avec poids dans le quadrant positif, et nous fournissons des résultats d’algébricité et de transcendance différentielle pour les fonctions génératrices sous-jacentes  : nous prouvons que, selon les probabilités des pas permis, certaines fonctions génératrices sont algébriques sur le corps des fonctions rationnelles, alors que d’autres ne satisfont aucune équation différentielle algébrique. Nos techniques utilisent la théorie de Galois différentielle des équations aux différences ainsi que l’analyse complexe (notamment la paramétrisation de Weierstrass des courbes elliptiques). Nous étendons aussi au cas pondéré plusieurs résultats intermédiaires clé, comme un théorème de prolongement analytique des fonctions génératrices.

We consider weighted small step walks in the positive quadrant, and provide algebraicity and differential transcendence results for the underlying generating functions: we prove that depending on the probabilities of allowed steps, certain of the generating functions are algebraic over the field of rational functions, while some others do not satisfy any algebraic differential equation with rational function coefficients. Our techniques involve differential Galois theory for difference equations as well as complex analysis (Weierstrass parameterization of elliptic curves). We also extend to the weighted case many key intermediate results, as a theorem of analytic continuation of the generating functions.

Reçu le :
Publié le :
DOI : 10.5802/pmb.29
Classification : 05A15, 30D05, 39A06
Mots clés : Random walks in the quarter plane, Difference Galois theory, Elliptic functions, Transcendence, Algebraicity
Thomas Dreyfus 1 ; Kilian Raschel 2

1 Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée, UMR 7501, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS, 7 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France
2 Institut Denis Poisson, UMR 7013, Université de Tours, Université d’Orléans et CNRS, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
Licence : CC-BY-ND 4.0
Droits d'auteur : Les auteurs conservent leurs droits
@article{PMB_2019___1_41_0,
     author = {Thomas Dreyfus and Kilian Raschel},
     title = {Differential transcendence & algebraicity criteria for the series counting weighted quadrant walks},
     journal = {Publications math\'ematiques de Besan\c{c}on. Alg\`ebre et th\'eorie des nombres},
     pages = {41--80},
     publisher = {Presses universitaires de Franche-Comt\'e},
     number = {1},
     year = {2019},
     doi = {10.5802/pmb.29},
     language = {en},
     url = {https://pmb.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/pmb.29/}
}
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas Dreyfus
AU  - Kilian Raschel
TI  - Differential transcendence & algebraicity criteria for the series counting weighted quadrant walks
JO  - Publications mathématiques de Besançon. Algèbre et théorie des nombres
PY  - 2019
SP  - 41
EP  - 80
IS  - 1
PB  - Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté
UR  - https://pmb.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/pmb.29/
DO  - 10.5802/pmb.29
LA  - en
ID  - PMB_2019___1_41_0
ER  - 
%0 Journal Article
%A Thomas Dreyfus
%A Kilian Raschel
%T Differential transcendence & algebraicity criteria for the series counting weighted quadrant walks
%J Publications mathématiques de Besançon. Algèbre et théorie des nombres
%D 2019
%P 41-80
%N 1
%I Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté
%U https://pmb.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/pmb.29/
%R 10.5802/pmb.29
%G en
%F PMB_2019___1_41_0
Thomas Dreyfus; Kilian Raschel. Differential transcendence & algebraicity criteria for the series counting weighted quadrant walks. Publications mathématiques de Besançon. Algèbre et théorie des nombres, no. 1 (2019), pp. 41-80. doi : 10.5802/pmb.29. https://pmb.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/pmb.29/

[1] Olivier Bernardi; Mireille Bousquet-Mélou; Kilian Raschel Counting quadrant walks via Tutte’s invariant method (2017) (https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.08215)

[2] Alin Bostan; Mireille Bousquet-Mélou; Manuel Kauers; Stephen Melczer On 3-dimensional lattice walks confined to the positive octant, Ann. Comb., Volume 20 (2016) no. 4, pp. 661-704 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[3] Alin Bostan; Manuel Kauers The complete generating function for Gessel walks is algebraic, Proc. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 138 (2010) no. 9, pp. 3063-3078 (With an appendix by Mark van Hoeij) | DOI | MR | Zbl

[4] Alin Bostan; Kilian Raschel; Bruno Salvy Non-D-finite excursions in the quarter plane, J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A, Volume 121 (2014), pp. 45-63 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[5] Mireille Bousquet-Mélou; Marni Mishna Walks with small steps in the quarter plane, Algorithmic probability and combinatorics (Contemporary Mathematics), Volume 520, American Mathematical Society, 2010, pp. 1-39 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[6] Mireille Bousquet-Mélou; Marko Petkovšek Linear recurrences with constant coefficients: the multivariate case, Discrete Math., Volume 225 (2000) no. 1-3, pp. 51-75 Formal power series and algebraic combinatorics (Toronto, ON, 1998) | DOI | MR | Zbl

[7] Denis Denisov; Vitali Wachtel Random walks in cones, Ann. Probab., Volume 43 (2015) no. 3, pp. 992-1044 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[8] Thomas Dreyfus; Charlotte Hardouin; Julien Roques Hypertranscendance of solutions of Mahler equations, J. Eur. Math. Soc., Volume 20 (2018) no. 9, pp. 2209-2238

[9] Thomas Dreyfus; Charlotte Hardouin; Julien Roques; Michael F. Singer Walks in the quarter plane, genus zero case (2017) (https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.02848)

[10] Thomas Dreyfus; Charlotte Hardouin; Julien Roques; Michael F. Singer On the nature of the generating series of walks in the quarter plane, Invent. Math., Volume 213 (2018) no. 1, pp. 139-203

[11] Thomas Dreyfus; Julien Roques Galois groups of difference equations of order two on elliptic curves, SIGMA, Symmetry Integrability Geom. Methods Appl., Volume 11 (2015), 003, 23 pages | DOI | MR | Zbl

[12] Daniel K. Du; Qing-Hu Hou; Rong-Hua Wang Infinite orders and non-D-finite property of 3-dimensional lattice walks, Electron. J. Comb., Volume 23 (2016) no. 3, 3.38, 15 pages | MR | Zbl

[13] Johannes Duistermaat Discrete integrable systems. QRT maps and elliptic surfaces, Springer Monographs in Mathematics, Springer, 2010, xxii+627 pages | DOI | MR | Zbl

[14] Guy Fayolle; Roudolf Iasnogorodski; Vadim Malyshev Random walks in the quarter-plane. Algebraic methods, boundary value problems and applications, Applications of Mathematics, 40, Springer, 1999, xvi+156 pages | DOI | MR | Zbl

[15] Guy Fayolle; Kilian Raschel On the holonomy or algebraicity of generating functions counting lattice walks in the quarter-plane, Markov Process. Relat. Fields, Volume 16 (2010) no. 3, pp. 485-496 | MR | Zbl

[16] Guy Fayolle; Kilian Raschel Random walks in the quarter-plane with zero drift: an explicit criterion for the finiteness of the associated group, Markov Process. Relat. Fields, Volume 17 (2011) no. 4, pp. 619-636 | MR | Zbl

[17] Charlotte Hardouin Galoisian approach to differential transcendence, Galois theories of linear difference equations: an introduction (Mathematical Surveys and Monographs), Volume 211, American Mathematical Society, 2016, pp. 43-102 | MR | Zbl

[18] Charlotte Hardouin; Michael F. Singer Differential Galois theory of linear difference equations, Math. Ann., Volume 342 (2008) no. 2, pp. 333-377 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[19] Manuel Kauers; Rika Yatchak Walks in the quarter plane with multiple steps, Proceedings of FPSAC 2015 (Discrete Math. Theor. Comput. Sci. Proc.) (2015), pp. 25-36 | MR | Zbl

[20] Irina Kurkova; Kilian Raschel On the functions counting walks with small steps in the quarter plane, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci., Volume 116 (2012), pp. 69-114 | DOI | MR

[21] Irina Kurkova; Kilian Raschel New steps in walks with small steps in the quarter plane: series expressions for the generating functions, Ann. Comb., Volume 19 (2015) no. 3, pp. 461-511 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[22] Stephen Melczer; Marni Mishna Singularity analysis via the iterated kernel method, Comb. Probab. Comput., Volume 23 (2014) no. 5, pp. 861-888 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[23] Marni Mishna Classifying lattice walks restricted to the quarter plane, J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A, Volume 116 (2009) no. 2, pp. 460-477 | DOI | MR

[24] Marni Mishna; Andrew Rechnitzer Two non-holonomic lattice walks in the quarter plane, Theor. Comput. Sci., Volume 410 (2009) no. 38-40, pp. 3616-3630 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[25] Kilian Raschel Counting walks in a quadrant: a unified approach via boundary value problems, J. Eur. Math. Soc., Volume 14 (2012) no. 3, pp. 749-777 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[26] Edmund Whittaker; George Watson A course of modern analysis. An introduction to the general theory of infinite processes and of analytic functions; with an account of the principal transcendental functions, Cambridge Mathematical Library, Cambridge University Press, 1996, vi+608 pages | DOI | MR | Zbl

Cité par Sources :